🧩 第 45 課|補充:used to 與附加觀念統整

國中英文文法暨會考總複習教材・階段九「特殊句構與統整」
⭐ 難度:★★★ 🔗 先備:第 2、3、13、16、23、24、27、28、38、40、41 課 🔁 螺旋複習:混合第 2、3、13、16、23、27、28、38、40、41 課
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1學習目標

學完這一課,你應該要會:

2先備知識

開始這一課之前,請先確認你已經理解:

3核心概念

① used to + 原形動詞:「過去常……;以前是……(現在不了)」
used to 在講一件過去一直如此、但現在已經改變的事。它看起來像過去式,作用是「回憶過去的習慣或狀態」。
• Dr. Wu used to work in a clinic(診所)in a small town, but now he works in a big hospital.
(吳醫師以前在小鎮的診所工作,現在在大醫院。)
• My sister used to have long hair.(我姊姊以前留長髮。——現在不留了)
注意:used to 後面接原形動詞(第 3 課觀念:不加 -s、不加 to、不加 V-ing)。
💡 used to 已經自帶「過去」,所以通常不再搭配 last year、in 2019 這種「明確過去時間點」;要講明確時間,直接用過去簡單式(第 13 課)就好。
② used to 的否定與疑問:didn't use to / Did ... use to ...?
否定句和疑問句裡有 did(didn't),動詞還原成 use(第 24 課:助動詞後接原形):
• I didn't use to like vegetables, but now I eat them every day.(我以前不吃蔬菜)
• Did you use to play the piano?(你以前會彈鋼琴嗎?)
🔑 考試標準寫法:didn't use to、Did ... use to——Did 已經扛了過去式,use 就還原、不加 d。口語中偶爾有人寫 didn't used to,但會考以 didn't use to 為標準答案。
③ be used to + V-ing/名詞:「習慣(慣於)……」
這個片語的 to 是介系詞(第 28 課),後面要接 V-ing 或名詞,不能接原形動詞:
• After one month in Taipei, Mia is used to the busy traffic.(一個月後,Mia 已經習慣繁忙的交通)
• My dad is used to getting up early.(我爸習慣早起)
搭配 get 表示「漸漸習慣」的過程:get used to + V-ing/名詞。
• My grandparents have got used to reading the news on their phones.(我的祖父母已經漸漸習慣用手機看新聞)
④ be used to + 原形動詞:被動式「被用來……」(第 38 課!)
當主詞是物品時,be used to 很可能是被動語態:be used=「被使用」,to+原形動詞是不定詞表用途:
• Wood is used to make paper.(木頭被用來造紙)
• Metal(金屬)is used to make cars and bridges.(金屬被用來製造汽車與橋樑)
這裡的 to 是不定詞的 to,和第③點「慣於」的介系詞 to 長得一樣、身份不同——這是本課最大的陷阱。
🔑 三兄弟速判:主詞是人+to 後原形→「以前常」(used to do);主詞是人+be 動詞+to 後 V-ing/名詞→「習慣」(be used to doing);主詞是物+be 動詞+to 後原形→「被用來」(被動)。
⑤ would rather + 原形動詞(than + 原形動詞):「寧可……而不……」
• I would rather stay at home tonight.(我寧可今晚待在家)
• Tim would rather play basketball than watch TV all day.(Tim 寧可打籃球,也不願整天看電視)
would rather 後面接原形動詞(不加 to、不加 -ing、不加 -s);比較對象用 than 連接,than 後面也是原形。
⑥ had better + 原形動詞:「最好……」(建議語氣較直接)
• You had better drink more water.(你最好多喝水)
• You'd better not stay up late.(你最好不要熬夜——否定直接在 better 後加 not)
had better 和助動詞一樣,後面接原形動詞、不加 to(第 23 課)。語氣比 should 直接,多用於長輩對晚輩、或情況較急的建議,日常對話要用得更委婉可以改說 You should...。
💡 I'd、You'd 這種縮寫要往下看一個詞才確定身份:'d rather=would rather(寧可);'d better=had better(最好)。
⑦ 建議句大統整:Why not...?/Why don't you...?/How about...?
提建議的三種常用句(會考對話題高頻):
• Why not join the dance club?(何不參加舞蹈社?)→ Why not +原形動詞
• Why don't you join the dance club?(你何不參加?)→ Why don't you +原形動詞
• How about joining the dance club?(參加……怎麼樣?)→ How about +V-ing(about 是介系詞)
前兩種語意與位置可互換;How about 也可以寫成 What about,兩者都接 V-ing。

4句型公式

① 以前常……: S + used to + 原形動詞
Dr. Wu used to work in a clinic.

講過去的習慣或狀態,現在已改變;後面一律接原形動詞。

② 否定/疑問: S + didn't use to + 原形 / Did + S + use to + 原形 ?
I didn't use to like vegetables. / Did you use to play piano?

有 did 動詞就還原:use 不加 d。

③ 習慣……: S + be/get + used to + V-ing/名詞
My dad is used to getting up early.

這裡的 to 是介系詞,後面接 V-ing 或名詞,不能接原形。

④ 被用來……(被動): 物 + be + used to + 原形動詞
Wood is used to make paper.

主詞是物品、「使用」的對象;to 是不定詞,後接原形(第 38 課被動)。

⑤ 寧可……不……: S + would rather + 原形 + than + 原形
Tim would rather play basketball than watch TV.

would rather、than 後面都是原形動詞。

⑥ 最好……: S + had better (+ not) + 原形
You had better not stay up late tonight.

否定把 not 放在 better 後面、原形動詞前面。

⑦ 建議句: Why not + 原形? / Why don't you + 原形? / How about + V-ing?
Why not join us? / How about joining us?

看到 about 就用 V-ing;看到 Why not/Why don't you 就用原形。

5基礎例句

規則①②:used to 的肯定、否定、疑問

My sister used to have long hair.
我姊姊以前留長髮。(現在不留了)
分析:used to +原形 have,講過去的狀態、現在已改變。
Grandma used to tell me stories before bed.
奶奶以前總在睡前說故事給我聽。
分析:重復出現的過去習慣,正是 used to 的主場。
I didn't use to like vegetables, but now I eat them every day.
我以前不喜歡蔬菜,但現在每天都吃。
分析:didn't 出現後,use 還原、不寫 used。
Did you use to play the piano?
你以前彈鋼琴嗎?
分析:疑問句句首用 Did 提問,動詞還原成 use to。

規則③:be/get used to + V-ing/名詞(習慣……)

After one month in Taipei, Mia is used to the busy traffic.
在台北住了一個月後,Mia 已經習慣繁忙的交通。
分析:to 是介系詞,後面直接接名詞 traffic。
My dad is used to getting up early.
我爸習慣早起。
分析:be used to + V-ing(getting),不是原形 get。
My grandparents have got used to reading the news on their phones.
我的祖父母已經漸漸習慣用手機看新聞。
分析:get used to 強調「漸漸習慣」的過程;本句用現在完成式(第 16 課)。

規則④:be used to + 原形(被動:被用來……)

Wood is used to make paper.
木頭被用來造紙。
分析:主詞 wood 是物品,「被使用」;to make 是不定詞表用途。
Metal(金屬)is used to make cars and bridges.
金屬被用來製造汽車與橋樑。
分析:同一個「be used to+原形」的被動結構。
A spoon is used to eat soup.
湯匙被用來喝湯。
分析:主詞 spoon 是物品,be used to+原形 eat 表用途(被動)。

規則⑤⑥:would rather 與 had better

Tim would rather play basketball than watch TV all day.
Tim 寧可打籃球,也不願整天看電視。
分析:would rather+原形……than+原形,兩邊對稱。
It's cold outside. You'd better wear a warm coat.
外面很冷,你最好穿件溫暖的外套。
分析:You'd=You had;had better+原形 wear,不加 to。
You'd better not stay up late before the exam.
考試前你最好不要熬夜。
分析:否定把 not 放在 better 後面:had better not+原形。

規則⑦:建議句

Why not join the chess club?/Why don't you join it?
何不加入棋藝社?/你何不加入呢?
分析:Why not/Why don't you 後面都接原形動詞 join。
How about joining the chess club tonight?
今晚加入棋藝社怎麼樣?
分析:about 是介系詞,後面接 V-ing(joining);What about 同樣接 V-ing。
What about taking a short walk after dinner?
晚餐後去散個步如何?
分析:What about 是 How about 的替換說法,後面一樣接 V-ing(taking)。

6正確 vs. 錯誤比較

❌ My cousin used to plays the piano. used to 後面接原形動詞,不加 -s。
⭕ My cousin used to play the piano. used to +原形 play。
❌ Did he used to live in Kaohsiung? 句首已有 Did,動詞要還原成 use(d 歸 Did)。
⭕ Did he use to live in Kaohsiung? Did ... use to +原形。
❌ Aunt Rose is used to wake up at five every morning. 「習慣……」的 to 是介系詞,後面要接 V-ing。
⭕ Aunt Rose is used to waking up at five every morning. be used to + waking(V-ing)。
❌ Glass uses to make windows and bottles. 玻璃是「被用來」,要用被動 is used to;uses to 是主動語態,glass 不會主動使用東西。
⭕ Glass is used to make windows and bottles. 物+is used to+原形 make(被動用法)。
❌ You'd better to see a dentist about that tooth. had better 像助動詞,後面直接接原形,不加 to。
⭕ You'd better see a dentist about that tooth. had better +原形 see。
❌ I would rather to drink tea than coffee. would rather 後面接原形,不加 to。
⭕ I would rather drink tea than coffee. would rather +原形 drink。
❌ Why not to ask your parents for advice? Why not 後面直接接原形動詞,不加 to。
⭕ Why not ask your parents for advice? Why not +原形 ask。也可說 Why don't you ask...?
❌ How about to go fishing this weekend? about 是介系詞,後面要接 V-ing,不接 to。
⭕ How about going fishing this weekend? How about + going(V-ing)。

7易混淆觀念

① 「used to 三兄弟」總對照(本課最重要)

形態意思to 的身份例句
used to+原形以前常……(現在不了)used to 是固定片語I used to live in Tainan.(我以前住台南)
be/get used to+V-ing/名詞習慣……to 是介系詞I am used to living alone.(我習慣獨居)
物+be used to+原形被用來……(被動)to 是不定詞Bamboo(竹子)is used to make chairs.(竹子被用來做椅子)

判斷流程:先問「主詞是人還是物」,再問「to 後面是原形還是 V-ing」,兩個問題交出來答案就唯一。

② used to vs. would(都講過去?差在「狀態」)

過去的重復動作過去的狀態(be/have/live 等)
used to⭕ He used to play here.⭕ She used to be shy.
would⭕ When I was small, Grandma would tell me stories.(較文學性)❌ 一般不用表過去狀態

會考以 used to 為主要考點;would 表過去習慣在閱讀中會遇到,但出題時若空格後是狀態動詞(be、have、live),答案用 used to。

③ 'd rather vs. 'd better(縮寫辨識)

縮寫展開意思例句
would rather寧可(講偏好)I'd rather stay home.(我寧可待在家)
had better最好(給建議)You'd better rest.(你最好休息)

兩個後面的動詞都是原形,所以要靠語意分辨:說自己的偏好→rather;勸別人怎麼做→better。

④ 建議句大對照:動詞形態各不相同

句型後面接例句
Why not ...?/Why don't you ...?原形Why not ask for help?/Why don't you ask for help?
How about ...?/What about ...?V-ingHow about asking for help?
You'd better (not) ...原形(否定加 not)You'd better not be late.
used to 疑問/否定use to(還原)Did you use to swim?/I didn't use to swim.

看到 about 想 V-ing;看到 Why not/'d better/would rather 想原形;看到 did(包含 didn't)想還原。

8判斷技巧:補充句型五步走

  1. 先找「to 後面」的形態:題幹空格後是原形動詞還是 V-ing?這一步就能淘汰一半選項。
  2. 再看主詞是人還是物:主詞是物品+be 動詞+to+原形 → 被動「被用來」;主詞是人 → 考慮「以前常」或「習慣」。
  3. 檢查有沒有 did/doesn't 等助動詞:有助動詞,use 不加 d(didn't use to/Did ... use to ...?)。
  4. 辨語意:句子講「今昔改變」→ used to;講「適應」→ be/get used to+V-ing;講「偏好」→ would rather;講「勸告」→ had better;講「提議」→ Why not(原形)/How about(V-ing)。
  5. 最後掃一眼時態呼應:but now、these days、every day 等時間詞與動詞形態是否配合(第 13、16 課)。
🎯 會考實戰心法:used to 家族最愛的陷阱就是「to 後面接什麼」。記口訣:「to 後看形態:原形→used to(以前)或被動(被用來);V-ing→習慣;about→V-ing;Why not、'd better、would rather→原形」。先把這四個搭配背熟,再處理語意,兩秒內就能鎖定答案。

9基礎練習(10 題)

測驗單一概念:used to 的肯定、否定、疑問,be/get used to,would rather/had better,建議句型。

10進階練習(10 題)

混合本課與先前課程(第 2、3、13、16、23、27、28、38、40、41 課),每題至少用到兩課概念。

11會考情境題(8 題)

融合真實語境,測試在對話、克漏字與短文中正確運用補充句型的能力。

12解答總覽

13本課重點整理

句型語意to/後面接例句
used to+原形以前常……(現在不了)原形動詞I used to be shy.
didn't use to/Did ... use to以前不……還原 use+原形Didn't you use to run?
be/get used to習慣……V-ing/名詞My brother is used to working late.
物+be used to被用來……(被動)原形動詞Rubber(橡膠)is used to make tires(輪胎).
would rather ... than寧可……不……原形;原形I'd rather walk than run.
had better (not)最好(不要)原形You'd better not wait.
Why not/How about何不……/……怎麼樣原形/V-ingWhy not try?/How about trying?
看到這個線索想到這個句型
but now/不再...used to(今昔對比)
空格後是 V-ing/名詞+語意「適應」be(get)used to
主詞是物品+to 後原形被動 be used to+原形
有 than 對比偏好would rather ... than
空格前有 aboutV-ing
空格前有 didn't/Diduse to(不加 d)
常見錯誤正確寫法
Did he used to swim? ❌Did he use to swim? ⭕(did 後還原)
I am used to drive on the left. ❌I am used to driving on the left. ⭕(習慣→V-ing)
Bamboo uses to make chopsticks(筷子). ❌Bamboo is used to make chopsticks. ⭕(被動)
You'd better to rest. ❌You'd better rest. ⭕(不加 to)
Why not to join us? ❌Why not join us? ⭕(Why not+原形)
🔑 一句話記憶口訣:used to 後接原形,回憶過去今已改;be(get)used to 要 V-ing,「習慣」的 to 是介系詞;物品 be used to 接原形,那是被動「被用來」;'d rather、'd better、Why not 全都接原形,只有 about 後面才加 -ing。

14自我檢查

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