1學習目標
學完這一課,你應該要會:
- 用 too + 形容詞/副詞 + to V 表達「太……而不能……」,並知道 to V 後面受詞的原則。
- 用形容詞/副詞 + enough + to V 表達「夠……而能……」,並確實掌握 enough 的位置。
- 用 so + 形容詞/副詞 + that 子句 表達「如此……以至於……」。
- 用 such + (a/an) + 名詞 + that 子句,並判斷要不要加 a/an。
- 分辨 so 與 such 的使用時機,包括 so many/much/few/little 這個重要例外。
- 能在 too...to、enough to 與 so...that...can/can't 之間互換句子。
2先備知識
開始這一課之前,請先確認你已經理解:
- 【第 2 課】be 動詞 am/is/are/was/were(so...that 的主句常用 be + 形容詞)。
- 【第 3 課】現在簡單式與三單變化(that 子句裡的動詞要配合主詞)。
- 【第 7 課】名詞單複數、可數與不可數(判斷 a/an 與 many/much/few/little)。
- 【第 8 課】冠詞 a/an(such 之後接單數可數名詞時要加 a 或 an)。
- 【第 9 課】some/any/many/much/few/little(數量詞與可數、不可數的搭配)。
- 【第 13 課】過去簡單式(that 子句的時態要與主句呼應)。
- 【第 16 課】現在完成式 have/has + 過去分詞。
- 【第 18 課】連綴動詞(taste、look、sound 之後接形容詞)。
- 【第 23 課】助動詞 can/could(互換句型會用到 can/can't/couldn't)。
- 【第 27 課】不定詞 to V(本課四個句型都以 to V 或 that 子句收尾)。
- 【第 35 課】because/so/although(so 當「所以」的因果連接詞,與本課 so...that 不同)。
- 【第 38 課】被動語態 be + 過去分詞(so...that 的結果子句可能使用被動式)。
3核心概念
① 這一課在學什麼?——「程度」加「結果」
生活裡我們常要表達「因為某個程度,所以有某個結果」:
• 箱子太重了,所以我搬不動。
• 他夠大了,所以他可以開車。
• 那本書有趣到一個程度,所以我讀了兩次。
這一課的四個句型,就是把這種「程度+結果」寫進一個句子的工具。
生活裡我們常要表達「因為某個程度,所以有某個結果」:
• 箱子太重了,所以我搬不動。
• 他夠大了,所以他可以開車。
• 那本書有趣到一個程度,所以我讀了兩次。
這一課的四個句型,就是把這種「程度+結果」寫進一個句子的工具。
② too + 形容詞/副詞 + to V:「太……而不能……」
too 是「太」,後面接形容詞或副詞,再用 to V 帶出結果。在國中範圍,這個 to V 通常帶有「做不到」的否定意味。
• The box is too heavy to carry.(箱子太重,搬不動)
• My grandpa walks too slowly to catch the bus.(爺爺走得太慢,追不上公車)
受詞原則:如果句子的主詞本身就是 to V 的受詞,to V 後面不再重複受詞。上面的句子裡,「被搬」的正是主詞 the box,所以寫 to carry,不寫 to carry it。
too 是「太」,後面接形容詞或副詞,再用 to V 帶出結果。在國中範圍,這個 to V 通常帶有「做不到」的否定意味。
• The box is too heavy to carry.(箱子太重,搬不動)
• My grandpa walks too slowly to catch the bus.(爺爺走得太慢,追不上公車)
受詞原則:如果句子的主詞本身就是 to V 的受詞,to V 後面不再重複受詞。上面的句子裡,「被搬」的正是主詞 the box,所以寫 to carry,不寫 to carry it。
🔑 常見錯誤:The box is too heavy to carry it. ❌——主詞 the box 已經是 carry 的受詞,再加 it 就重複了。
③ too...for + 人 + to V:「對某人來說太……」
如果做那個動作的人不是句子的主詞,就用 for + 人標明是誰。
• The tea is too hot for me to drink.(這茶對我來說太燙,喝不下)
• The question was too hard for us to answer.(這題對我們來說太難,答不出來)
如果做那個動作的人不是句子的主詞,就用 for + 人標明是誰。
• The tea is too hot for me to drink.(這茶對我來說太燙,喝不下)
• The question was too hard for us to answer.(這題對我們來說太難,答不出來)
④ 形容詞/副詞 + enough + to V:「夠……而能……」
enough 放在形容詞或副詞的後面,表示程度「足夠」,to V 帶出「因此做得到」的結果。
• Lily is old enough to go to school.(Lily 夠大了,可以上學)
• Ben runs fast enough to win the race.(Ben 跑得夠快,能贏得比賽)
如果 enough 修飾的是名詞,位置改成放在名詞前面:
• We have enough money to buy the tickets.(我們有足夠的錢買票)
enough 放在形容詞或副詞的後面,表示程度「足夠」,to V 帶出「因此做得到」的結果。
• Lily is old enough to go to school.(Lily 夠大了,可以上學)
• Ben runs fast enough to win the race.(Ben 跑得夠快,能贏得比賽)
如果 enough 修飾的是名詞,位置改成放在名詞前面:
• We have enough money to buy the tickets.(我們有足夠的錢買票)
🔑 最常考的陷阱:enough 的位置。修飾形容詞/副詞 → 放後面(old enough);修飾名詞 → 放前面(enough money)。He is enough old ❌ → He is old enough ⭕。
⑤ not...enough to 與 too...to 的反向關係
「不夠大到能做某事」可以換成「太(相反的形容詞)而不能做某事」:
• He is not old enough to drive. = He is too young to drive.(他年紀不夠大,不能開車 = 他太年輕,不能開車)
注意兩句的形容詞要換成反義詞(old → young),語意才會一樣。
「不夠大到能做某事」可以換成「太(相反的形容詞)而不能做某事」:
• He is not old enough to drive. = He is too young to drive.(他年紀不夠大,不能開車 = 他太年輕,不能開車)
注意兩句的形容詞要換成反義詞(old → young),語意才會一樣。
⑥ so + 形容詞/副詞 + that 子句:「如此……以至於……」
so 之後接形容詞或副詞,再用 that 帶出一個完整的子句(有自己的主詞和動詞)來表示結果。
• I was so sleepy that I couldn't keep my eyes open.(我睏到眼睛睜不開)
• Ken studies so hard that he always gets good grades.(Ken 用功到總是拿到好成績)
so 之後接形容詞或副詞,再用 that 帶出一個完整的子句(有自己的主詞和動詞)來表示結果。
• I was so sleepy that I couldn't keep my eyes open.(我睏到眼睛睜不開)
• Ken studies so hard that he always gets good grades.(Ken 用功到總是拿到好成績)
💡 that 在正式書面與考試中通常保留;口語中有時會省略(如 I'm so tired I can't move.),但初學階段建議一律把 that 寫出來,避免與其他句型混淆。
⑦ such + 名詞 + that 子句:「這麼……的……以至於……」
such 之後接名詞(片語),再接 that 子句。名詞是單數可數時,such 後面要加 a/an:
• It is such a good idea that everyone agrees.(這主意好到大家都同意)
• She told us such an interesting story that we all want to hear it again.(她說的故事有趣到我們都想再聽一次)
名詞是複數或不可數時,such 後面不加 a/an:
• They are such friendly people that everyone likes them.(他們是這麼友善的人,大家都喜歡)
• It was such bad weather that we stayed home.(天氣這麼糟,我們只好待在家)
such 之後接名詞(片語),再接 that 子句。名詞是單數可數時,such 後面要加 a/an:
• It is such a good idea that everyone agrees.(這主意好到大家都同意)
• She told us such an interesting story that we all want to hear it again.(她說的故事有趣到我們都想再聽一次)
名詞是複數或不可數時,such 後面不加 a/an:
• They are such friendly people that everyone likes them.(他們是這麼友善的人,大家都喜歡)
• It was such bad weather that we stayed home.(天氣這麼糟,我們只好待在家)
⑧ so vs. such 怎麼選?+重要例外:so many/much/few/little
快速判斷:看後面接什麼。
• 後面是形容詞/副詞 → 用 so(so tired、so hard)
• 後面是名詞 → 用 such(such a good idea)
例外:名詞前面如果有 many/much/few/little 表數量,要用 so 不用 such:
• There were so many people that we couldn't move.(人多到我們動不了)
• He made so many mistakes that he failed the test.(他錯這麼多,考不及格)
快速判斷:看後面接什麼。
• 後面是形容詞/副詞 → 用 so(so tired、so hard)
• 後面是名詞 → 用 such(such a good idea)
例外:名詞前面如果有 many/much/few/little 表數量,要用 so 不用 such:
• There were so many people that we couldn't move.(人多到我們動不了)
• He made so many mistakes that he failed the test.(他錯這麼多,考不及格)
🔑 記住固定組合:so many + 複數可數名詞、so much/so little + 不可數名詞、so few + 複數可數名詞。這四個數量詞前面用 so,不用 such。
⑨ 句型互換:too...to ↔ so...that...can't;enough to ↔ so...that...can
兩組等義的改寫:
• He is too young to drive. = He is so young that he can't drive.
• He is old enough to drive. = He is so old that he can drive.
改寫時 that 子句要補出自己的主詞(he),並用 can't/can 表達「能不能」。
兩組等義的改寫:
• He is too young to drive. = He is so young that he can't drive.
• He is old enough to drive. = He is so old that he can drive.
改寫時 that 子句要補出自己的主詞(he),並用 can't/can 表達「能不能」。
💡 補充:so that 連在一起時,常常表示「以便;為了」的目的(如 We left early so that we could catch the train.),與本課 so...that 表「結果」不同。國中階段兩種用法都會遇到,要看前後語意判斷。
4句型公式
① 太……而不能: S + V + too + 形/副 + (for + 人) + to V
The box is too heavy to carry.
The box is too heavy to carry.
too 之後接形容詞或副詞;to V 帶出「做不到」的結果。主詞同時是 to V 的受詞時,to V 不再重複受詞。
② 夠……而能: S + V + 形/副 + enough + to V
Lily is old enough to go to school.
Lily is old enough to go to school.
enough 放在形容詞/副詞後面,to V 帶出「做得到」的結果。
③ 足夠的……可以: S + V + enough + 名詞 + to V
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
enough 修飾名詞時放在名詞前面。
④ 如此……以至於: S + V + so + 形/副 + that + S + V ...
I was so sleepy that I couldn't keep my eyes open.
I was so sleepy that I couldn't keep my eyes open.
so 接形容詞/副詞;that 子句是完整子句,有自己的主詞與動詞。
⑤ 這麼……的……以至於: S + V + such + (a/an) + 形+名詞 + that + S + V ...
It is such a good idea that everyone agrees.
It is such a good idea that everyone agrees.
單數可數名詞要加 a/an(母音開頭用 an);複數與不可數名詞不加。
⑥ 等義互換: too + 形 + to V ↔ so + 形 + that + S + can't + V
He is too young to drive. = He is so young that he can't drive.
He is too young to drive. = He is so young that he can't drive.
too...to 換成 so...that 時,that 子句要補主詞,並用 can't;…enough to 換成 so...that 時則用 can。
5基礎例句
規則①②:too...to 與 too...for + 人 + to V
The box is too heavy to carry.
箱子太重,搬不動。
分析:主詞 the box 就是 carry 的受詞,所以 to carry 後面不再加 it。
My grandpa walks too slowly to catch the bus.
我爺爺走得太慢,追不上公車。
分析:too 之後接副詞 slowly;to V 表示「做不到」的結果。
The tea is too hot for me to drink.
這茶對我來說太燙,喝不下。
分析:喝茶的人是我(不是主詞 the tea),所以用 for me 標明。
規則③④:…enough to 與 enough + 名詞
Lily is old enough to go to school.
Lily 夠大了,可以上學。
分析:enough 放在形容詞 old 後面;to V 表示「做得到」的結果。
Ben runs fast enough to win the race.
Ben 跑得夠快,能贏得比賽。
分析:enough 也可以放在副詞 fast 後面。
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
我們有足夠的錢買票。
分析:enough 修飾名詞 money 時放在名詞前面。
規則⑤⑥:so...that 與 such...that
I was so sleepy that I couldn't keep my eyes open.
我睏到眼睛都睜不開。
分析:so 接形容詞 sleepy;that 子句有自己的主詞與動詞,表示結果。
Ken studies so hard that he always gets good grades.
Ken 用功到總是拿到好成績。
分析:so 也可以接副詞 hard。
It is such a good idea that everyone agrees.
這主意好到大家都同意。
分析:such 接「a + 形容詞 + 單數名詞」;idea 是單數可數名詞,要加 a。
They are such friendly people that everyone likes them.
他們是這麼友善的人,大家都喜歡他們。
分析:people 是複數名詞,such 後面不加 a/an。
There were so many people that we couldn't move.
人多到我們動不了。
分析:many 表數量,前面用 so 不用 such——這是 so/such 判斷的重要例外。
6正確 vs. 錯誤比較
❌ He is enough old to drive.
enough 修飾形容詞時要放在形容詞後面,不是前面。
⭕ He is old enough to drive.
old enough=「夠大」;to drive 帶出「做得到」的結果。
❌ The box is too heavy to carry it.
主詞 the box 就是 carry 的受詞,to V 後面再接 it 就重複了。
⭕ The box is too heavy to carry.
to carry 不加受詞,被搬的就是主詞本身。
❌ She was such tired that she fell asleep.
tired 是形容詞,such 之後要接名詞,不能接形容詞。
⭕ She was so tired that she fell asleep.
so 之後接形容詞 tired,再接 that 子句。
❌ It was so interesting book that I read it twice.
so 不能接「形容詞+名詞」;名詞片語前面要用 such。
⭕ It was such an interesting book that I read it twice.
such 接 an interesting book;interesting 母音開頭用 an。
❌ There were such many people in the park.
many 表數量時,前面用 so 不用 such。
⭕ There were so many people in the park.
so many+複數名詞是固定組合。
❌ I was so nervous that I can't say a word.
主句 was 是過去,that 子句的動詞也要過去(時態呼應)。
⭕ I was so nervous that I couldn't say a word.
can't 的過去式是 couldn't,與 was 呼應。
❌ The tea is too hot for me to drink it.
主詞 the tea 已經是 drink 的受詞,再加 it 就重複了。
⭕ The tea is too hot for me to drink.
for me 標明喝茶的人;to drink 不再加受詞。
❌ She is too young that she can't drive.
too 之後不接 that 子句;接 that 的是 so/such。
⭕ She is too young to drive. / She is so young that she can't drive.
兩種寫法意思相同:too...to 用 to V;so...that 用 that 子句。
7易混淆觀念
① so vs. such(後面接什麼?)
| 關鍵字 | 後面接 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| so | 形容詞/副詞 | She is so kind that everyone likes her. |
| such | (a/an+)名詞片語 | She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her. |
| so(例外) | many/much/few/little+名詞 | There was so much rain that the game stopped. |
判斷關鍵:先看空格後面是形容詞/副詞還是名詞;若名詞前有數量詞 many/much/few/little,改用 so。
② too...to vs. so...that...can't(等義互換)
| 句型 | 結構 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| too...to | too+形/副+to V | He is too short to play basketball. |
| so...that...can't | so+形/副+that+S+can't+V | He is so short that he can't play basketball. |
兩句意思相同。改寫時 that 子句要補出主詞,並用 can't 表達「做不到」;too...to 的 to V 則不再接受詞。
③ …enough to vs. so...that...can(等義互換)
| 句型 | 結構 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| …enough to | 形/副+enough+to V | She is tall enough to reach the shelf(架子). |
| so...that...can | so+形/副+that+S+can+V | She is so tall that she can reach the shelf. |
反向改寫也常用:not+形容詞+enough to = too+反義形容詞+to(not old enough to = too young to)。
④ so...that(結果)vs. so that(目的)vs. , so(所以)
| 用法 | 意義 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| so...that | 如此……以至於(結果) | It was so cold that we stayed home. |
| so that | 以便;為了(目的) | We left early so that we could catch the train. |
| , so | 所以(因果連接詞,第 35 課) | It was cold, so we stayed home. |
看語意判斷:so 和 that 之間有形容詞/副詞 → 結果句;so that 連在一起、後面接「想達成的事」→ 目的;so 前面有逗號、連接兩個子句 → 因果。
8判斷技巧:結果句型五步走
- 看空格後面接什麼:是 to V?that 子句?還是名詞?——這決定句型家族。
- 接 to V:語意是「做不到」→ too+形/副+to V;語意是「做得到」→ 形/副+enough+to V。
- 接 that 子句:看 that 前面——形容詞/副詞 → so;名詞片語 → such(單數可數名詞記得加 a/an)。
- 接名詞:名詞前有 many/much/few/little 表數量 → 用 so;其他 → 用 such。
- 最後總檢查:enough 位置對嗎?too 的 to V 有沒有重複受詞?that 子句的時態有沒有和主句呼應?
🎯 會考實戰心法:這一課最常考的三個陷阱——① enough 的位置(old enough/enough money);② so 與 such 的選擇(接形容詞用 so、接名詞用 such、數量詞前用 so);③ too...to 的 to V 不重複受詞。看到題目先判斷空格後面接什麼,再套家族,就不會被干擾選項牽著走。
9基礎練習(10 題)
測驗單一概念:too...to、enough to、so...that、such...that 的結構與語意。
10進階練習(10 題)
混合本課與先前課程(第 2、3、7、8、9、13、16、18、23、35、38 課),每題至少用到兩課概念。
11會考情境題(8 題)
融合真實語境,測試在對話、克漏字與短文中正確使用結果句型的能力。
12解答總覽
13本課重點整理
| 句型 | 語意 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| too+形/副+to V | 太……而不能 | The box is too heavy to carry. |
| 形/副+enough+to V | 夠……而能 | He is old enough to drive. |
| enough+名詞+to V | 有足夠的……可以 | We have enough money to buy it. |
| so+形/副+that 子句 | 如此……以至於 | I was so tired that I fell asleep. |
| such+(a/an)+名詞+that 子句 | 這麼……以至於 | It was such a good movie that I saw it twice. |
| 空格後面接… | 用哪個? | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 形容詞/副詞+that | so | so tired that.../so hard that... |
| 名詞+that | such(單數可數加 a/an) | such a good idea that... |
| many/much/few/little+名詞 | so(固定組合) | so many books that.../so little time that... |
| to V(做不到) | too+形/副 | too tired to walk |
| to V(做得到) | 形/副+enough | strong enough to lift it |
| 常見錯誤 | 正確寫法 |
|---|---|
| He is enough old to drive. ❌ | He is old enough to drive. ⭕(enough 放形容詞後) |
| The box is too heavy to carry it. ❌ | The box is too heavy to carry. ⭕(受詞不重複) |
| She was such tired that... ❌ | She was so tired that... ⭕(such 接名詞) |
| such many people ❌ | so many people ⭕(數量詞前用 so) |
| too young that she can't... ❌ | so young that she can't... ⭕(that 配 so/such) |
🔑 一句話記憶口訣:太而不能 too…to,夠而能 …enough to;so 接形容詞/副詞,such 接名詞;so many/much/few/little 表數量,前面仍用 so;that 帶出結果子句,子句時態要呼應。
14自我檢查
🎉 太棒了!你已經完成第 41 課「too...to、so...that、such...that 與 enough to」,也踏進了階段九「特殊句構與統整」。下一課將進行「易混淆文法總整理」,把全冊容易搞混的文法一次理清楚!