1學習目標
學完這一課，你應該要會：
- 用 because（因為）帶出理由子句，並知道它可以放在句首或句中。
- 區分 so 與 because 的因果方向：so 後面接「結果」，because 後面接「理由」。
- 用 although / though（雖然）連接「讓步」的兩個子句——前後有反差。
- 記住兩個共句禁律：because 不配 so、although 不配 but（中文「因為……所以……」「雖然……但是……」直譯都是錯的）。
- 區分 because + 子句與 because of + 名詞：後面接的東西不同。
- 用 Because... 單獨回答 Why 的問句。
2先備知識
開始這一課之前，請先確認你已經理解：
- 【第 1 課】句子基本結構 S/V/O/C（什麼是完整子句）。
- 【第 3 課】主詞動詞一致。
- 【第 6 課】反身代名詞（myself／yourself／herself 等）。
- 【第 12 課】現在進行式。
- 【第 13 課】過去簡單式。
- 【第 16 課】現在完成式。
- 【第 20 課】頻率副詞 usually 等。
- 【第 21 課】比較級與 than。
- 【第 24 課】Wh- 問句（Why 問理由）。
- 【第 28 課】動名詞 V-ing（because of 後可接 V-ing）。
- 【第 33 課】介系詞搭配（because of 是介系詞片語）。
- 【第 34 課】對等連接詞 and / or / but / so（so 的基本用法）。
3核心概念
① because：帶出理由的從屬連接詞
because（因為）用來說明「為什麼」，後面接一個完整的子句（有主詞、有動詞）：
• I stayed home because I had a fever.（我因為發燒所以待在家）
• Because I had a fever, I stayed home.（我因為發燒，所以待在家）
because 是從屬連接詞——它帶出的子句（副詞子句）位置很靈活：放句首時，子句後面要加逗號；放在主要子句後面時，通常不加逗號。
because（因為）用來說明「為什麼」，後面接一個完整的子句（有主詞、有動詞）：
• I stayed home because I had a fever.（我因為發燒所以待在家）
• Because I had a fever, I stayed home.（我因為發燒，所以待在家）
because 是從屬連接詞——它帶出的子句（副詞子句）位置很靈活：放句首時，子句後面要加逗號；放在主要子句後面時，通常不加逗號。
💡 because 開頭的句子可以單獨回答 Why 的問句——「Why were you absent?」「Because I was sick.」這在對話裡非常自然。
② so vs. because：因果方向相反
第 34 課學過 so（所以）表結果。現在把兩者放在一起比較：
• 前因 → so → 後果：It rained, so we stayed home.（下雨，所以我們待在家）
• 結果 ← because ← 理由：We stayed home because it rained.（我們待在家，因為下雨）
同一件事用兩種講法：講「所以」用 so，講「因為」用 because。寫克漏字時，先判斷空格後面那個子句是「結果」還是「理由」——結果接 so，理由接 because。
第 34 課學過 so（所以）表結果。現在把兩者放在一起比較：
• 前因 → so → 後果：It rained, so we stayed home.（下雨，所以我們待在家）
• 結果 ← because ← 理由：We stayed home because it rained.（我們待在家，因為下雨）
同一件事用兩種講法：講「所以」用 so，講「因為」用 because。寫克漏字時，先判斷空格後面那個子句是「結果」還是「理由」——結果接 so，理由接 because。
🔑 易錯警示：because 和 so 不能出現在同一句！❌ Because it rained, so we stayed home.（「因為……所以……」的中文直譯）→ ⭕ Because it rained, we stayed home. 或 ⭕ It rained, so we stayed home.（二選一）
③ because of + 名詞：介系詞片語版
想說「因為」但後面只有一個名詞（或 V-ing）時，要用 because of：
• The soccer game was canceled because of the typhoon.（足球賽因為颱風取消了）
• Because of the heavy rain, we had to practice in the gym.（因為大雨，我們只能在體育館練習）
• Because of studying all night, Sam fell asleep in class.（因為整晚念書，Sam 在課堂上睡著了）
判斷口訣：because + 子句（有動詞）；because of + 名詞／V-ing（沒有動詞）。because of 是介系詞片語（第 33 課），後面不接子句。
想說「因為」但後面只有一個名詞（或 V-ing）時，要用 because of：
• The soccer game was canceled because of the typhoon.（足球賽因為颱風取消了）
• Because of the heavy rain, we had to practice in the gym.（因為大雨，我們只能在體育館練習）
• Because of studying all night, Sam fell asleep in class.（因為整晚念書，Sam 在課堂上睡著了）
判斷口訣：because + 子句（有動詞）；because of + 名詞／V-ing（沒有動詞）。because of 是介系詞片語（第 33 課），後面不接子句。
🔑 易錯警示：❌ Because of it rained, we canceled the game.（because of 後面不能接子句）→ ⭕ Because it rained... / ⭕ Because of the rain...
④ although / though：雖然、儘管
although 與 though（雖然）表示「讓步」——承認某個事實，但結果與預期相反：
• Although the test was hard, Mia got an A.（雖然考試很難，Mia 還是拿了 A）
• Kevin keeps running every morning although he is over seventy.（Kevin 雖然七十多歲，仍每天早上跑步）
• Though it was cold, they went swimming.（雖然天氣冷，他們還是去游泳）
although 和 though 表「雖然」時通常可以互換（although 較正式、常見於書面；though 較口語）。兩者帶出的子句放句首時，後面同樣要加逗號。
although 與 though（雖然）表示「讓步」——承認某個事實，但結果與預期相反：
• Although the test was hard, Mia got an A.（雖然考試很難，Mia 還是拿了 A）
• Kevin keeps running every morning although he is over seventy.（Kevin 雖然七十多歲，仍每天早上跑步）
• Though it was cold, they went swimming.（雖然天氣冷，他們還是去游泳）
although 和 though 表「雖然」時通常可以互換（although 較正式、常見於書面；though 較口語）。兩者帶出的子句放句首時，後面同樣要加逗號。
🔑 易錯警示：although 和 but 不能出現在同一句！❌ Although he is rich, but he is not happy.（「雖然……但是……」的中文直譯）→ ⭕ Although he is rich, he is not happy. 或 ⭕ He is rich, but he is not happy.（二選一）
⑤ 逗號規則總整理
because / although / though 帶出的子句是「副詞子句」，位置靈活：
• 放句首：子句後面加逗號 — Because I missed the bus, I was late for school.
• 放句中（主要子句後面）：通常不加逗號 — I was late for school because I missed the bus.
這跟 and / or / but / so 的逗號位置不同：對等連接詞的逗號在連接詞前面（第 34 課），從屬連接詞的逗號在子句後面。
because / although / though 帶出的子句是「副詞子句」，位置靈活：
• 放句首：子句後面加逗號 — Because I missed the bus, I was late for school.
• 放句中（主要子句後面）：通常不加逗號 — I was late for school because I missed the bus.
這跟 and / or / but / so 的逗號位置不同：對等連接詞的逗號在連接詞前面（第 34 課），從屬連接詞的逗號在子句後面。
💡 補充：even though（即使、縱使）語氣比 although 更強，用法相同：Even though the suitcase is heavy, Amy can carry it by herself. 另外 though 還可以當副詞放句尾（It was hard work. I enjoyed it, though.），國中階段先認識即可。if 條件句（第 37 課）與 when / while 時間子句（第 36 課）也屬於從屬連接詞家族，接下來幾課會陸續學到。
4句型公式
① because + 理由子句： 主要子句 + because + S + V／Because + S + V, + 主要子句
I stayed home because I had a fever. / Because I had a fever, I stayed home.
I stayed home because I had a fever. / Because I had a fever, I stayed home.
because 後面接完整子句；子句放句首時，後面加逗號。
② so + 結果子句： 原因子句, so + 結果子句
It rained, so we stayed home.
It rained, so we stayed home.
so 表「所以」；前面是原因，後面是結果。because 與 so 不共句。
③ because of + 名詞／V-ing： 主要子句 + because of + N
The game was canceled because of the typhoon.
The game was canceled because of the typhoon.
後面沒有動詞（只是名詞）時用 because of；有主詞＋動詞時用 because。
④ although / though + 讓步子句： Although + S + V, + 主要子句
Although the test was hard, Mia got an A.
Although the test was hard, Mia got an A.
although／though 表「雖然」，帶出的子句放句首時後面加逗號；與 but 不共句。
5基礎例句
規則①：because + 理由
I didn't go to school because I had a fever.
我因為發燒所以沒去上學。
分析：because 放句中，帶出理由子句 I had a fever（有主詞＋動詞），前面不加逗號。
Because I had a fever, I didn't go to school.
因為我發燒，所以我沒去上學。
分析：同一句改成 because 子句放句首——子句後面要加逗號。
Mia practices the piano every day because she wants to win the contest.
Mia 因為想贏得比賽，每天練鋼琴。
分析：because 帶出「每天練琴」的理由。
規則②：so vs. because 的因果方向
It rained, so we stayed home.
下雨了，所以我們待在家。
分析：so 前面是原因（下雨），後面是結果（待在家）。
We stayed home because it rained.
我們待在家，因為下雨。
分析：同一件事換角度說——because 帶出「待在家」的理由。
The movie was boring, so we left early.
那部電影很無聊，所以我們提早離開。
分析：so 前面是原因（電影無聊），後面是結果（提早離開）。
規則③：because of + 名詞／V-ing
The soccer game was canceled because of the typhoon.
足球賽因為颱風取消了。
分析：the typhoon 是名詞，用 because of；because of 後面無需動詞（只需名詞）。
Because of the heavy rain, we had to practice in the gym.
因為大雨，我們只能在體育館練習。
分析：because of 片語放句首，後面加逗號；heavy rain 是名詞。
Because of studying all night, Sam fell asleep in class.
因為整晚念書，Sam 在課堂上睡著了。
分析：because of 後面也可接 V-ing（第 28 課動名詞）。
規則④：although / though 讓步
Although the test was hard, Mia got an A.
雖然考試很難，Mia 還是拿了 A。
分析：考試難（事實）與拿 A（超出預期）有反差，用 although；句首子句後加逗號。
Kevin keeps running every morning although he is over seventy.
Kevin 雖然七十多歲，仍每天早上跑步。
分析：although 子句放句中，前面不加逗號。
Though it was cold, they went swimming.
雖然天氣冷，他們還是去游泳。
分析：though 表「雖然」時與 although 通常可互換。
規則⑤：共句禁律
⭕ Because the store was closed, we went to another one.
❌ Because the store was closed, so we went to another one.
❌ Because the store was closed, so we went to another one.
因為那家店打烊了，我們去了別家。
分析：because 和 so 只能出現一個；兩個都用是中文直譯的錯誤。
⭕ Although he is rich, he is not happy.
❌ Although he is rich, but he is not happy.
❌ Although he is rich, but he is not happy.
雖然他有錢，但他不快樂。
分析：although 和 but 只能出現一個；「雖然……但是……」直譯是錯的。
⭕ Though she was tired, she finished her homework.
❌ Though she was tired, but she finished her homework.
❌ Though she was tired, but she finished her homework.
雖然她很累，但她還是寫完了功課。
分析：though 和 but 不能同時出現；一句話只用一個連接詞。
6正確 vs. 錯誤比較
❌ Because of it rained, we canceled the game.
because of 是介系詞片語，後面接名詞，不接子句。
⭕ Because it rained, we canceled the game.
because 後面接子句（it rained 有主詞＋動詞）。
❌ The game was canceled because the typhoon.
because 後面必須是子句；the typhoon 只是名詞，要用 because of。
⭕ The game was canceled because of the typhoon.
because of + 名詞；because + 子句。看後面接什麼來選。
❌ Because I was tired, so I went to bed early.
because 和 so 不能出現在同一句（中文「因為……所以……」直譯）。
⭕ Because I was tired, I went to bed early.
只保留 because；或改成 I was tired, so I went to bed early.
❌ Although he is rich, but he is not happy.
although 和 but 不能出現在同一句（中文「雖然……但是……」直譯）。
⭕ Although he is rich, he is not happy.
只保留 although；或改成 He is rich, but he is not happy.
❌ Because I missed the bus I was late for school.
because 子句放句首時，子句後面要加逗號，把主要子句隔開。
⭕ Because I missed the bus, I was late for school.
句首副詞子句後加逗號；放句中（was late because I missed the bus）則通常不加。
❌ We turned on the heater, so it was cold.
因果顛倒：不是「開暖氣導致天氣冷」，而是「因為冷所以開暖氣」。
⭕ It was cold, so we turned on the heater.
so 前面是原因、後面是結果；so 的方向不能接反。
7易混淆觀念
① because vs. because of
| 用法 | 後面接 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| because | 完整子句（S + V） | I stayed home because I had a fever. |
| because of | 名詞 / V-ing（沒有動詞） | I stayed home because of my fever. |
判斷方法：看空格後面有沒有「主詞＋動詞」——有子句用 because，只有名詞用 because of。
② so vs. because：同一段因果的兩種講法
| 連接詞 | 語意 | 句子結構 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| so | 所以（帶出結果） | 原因, so + 結果 | It rained, so we stayed home. |
| because | 因為（帶出理由） | 結果 + because + 理由 | We stayed home because it rained. |
兩句意思相同，只是切入角度不同。克漏字先判斷空格後面是結果還是理由。
③ although / though vs. but
| 連接詞 | 語意 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| although / though | 雖然（承認事實，結果相反） | Although he is rich, he is not happy. |
| but | 但是（對比） | He is rich, but he is not happy. |
although／though 和 but 都能表達「有錢卻不快樂」的反差，但一句只能選一個。although 與 though 表「雖然」時通常可互換（although 較正式）。
④ 從屬連接詞 vs. 對等連接詞（逗號位置）
| 種類 | 成員 | 逗號位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 對等連接詞 | and / or / but / so | 連接詞前面 | It rained, so we stayed home. |
| 從屬連接詞 | because / although / though | 句首子句後面 | Because it rained, we stayed home. |
兩類連接詞的逗號位置剛好相反，寫作和挑錯題都要注意。
8判斷技巧：because / so / although 五步走
- 找出兩個子句的邏輯關係：是因果（因為／所以）？還是讓步（雖然……卻……）？
- 因果先看方向：空格後面接「結果」用 so；接「理由」用 because。因果不能顛倒。
- 看空格後面接什麼：有主詞＋動詞（子句）→ because / although；只有名詞或 V-ing → because of。
- 檢查共句禁律：because 不配 so、although 不配 but——發現成對出現就是錯句。
- 檢查逗號位置：because / although 子句放句首，逗號在子句後面；and / but / so 的逗號在連接詞前面。
🎯 會考實戰心法：克漏字遇到連接詞空格，先讀空格前後兩個子句，判斷是「因果」還是「反差」；因果再分「so 在結果前、because 在理由前」；反差則選 although（或 but，看句子裡已經有哪個）。最後掃一眼有沒有 because+so、although+but 的共句錯誤——這是會考最愛的陷阱。
9基礎練習（10 題）
測驗單一概念：because／so 方向、although／though 讓步、because of + 名詞、共句禁律。
10進階練習（10 題）
混合本課與先前課程（第 6、12、13、16、20、21、24、28、33、34 課），每題至少用到兩課概念。
11會考情境題（8 題）
融合真實語境，測試在對話、書信與短文中正確使用 because / so / although 的能力。
12解答總覽
13本課重點整理
| 連接詞 | 語意 | 後面接 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| because | 因為 | 子句（S + V） | I stayed home because I had a fever. |
| because of | 因為 | 名詞 / V-ing | The game was canceled because of the rain. |
| so | 所以 | 結果子句 | It rained, so we stayed home. |
| although / though | 雖然 | 讓步子句 | Although it was cold, they went swimming. |
| 常見錯誤 | 正確寫法 |
|---|---|
| Because..., so ... ❌ | 只用 because 或只用 so ⭕ |
| Although..., but ... ❌ | 只用 although 或只用 but ⭕ |
| because of + 子句 ❌ | because of + 名詞；because + 子句 ⭕ |
| 因果顛倒（..., so it was cold）❌ | It was cold, so... ⭕（so 前因後果） |
🔑 一句話記憶口訣：理由用 because、結果用 so；反差用 although、but 不共句；because of 接名詞，because 接子句。
14自我檢查
🎉 太棒了！你已經完成第 35 課「because / so、although / though」。接下來的第 36 課將學習 when / before / after / while 時間子句，繼續探索從屬連接詞的世界！