1學習目標
學完這一課,你應該要會:
- 掌握常考的「形容詞+介系詞」搭配(如 be good at, be afraid of)。
- 掌握常考的「動詞+介系詞」搭配(如 look for, wait for, listen to)。
- 掌握常考的「名詞+介系詞」搭配(如 the answer to)。
- 理解介系詞後面如果要接動作,必須把動作改成「動名詞 (V-ing)」。
2先備知識
開始這一課之前,請先確認你已經理解:
- 【第 2 課】be 動詞
- 【第 5 課】人稱代名詞
- 【第 6 課】反身代名詞
- 【第 7 課】名詞單複數
- 【第 9 課】量詞
- 【第 12 課】現在進行式
- 【第 27 課】不定詞
- 【第 28 課】動名詞
3核心概念
在英文中,很多動詞、形容詞和名詞都有自己「專屬的介系詞好朋友」。這些搭配有時可以用中文邏輯猜出,但更多時候是固定習慣用法,不能隨便替換。例如,中文說「對某人生氣」,英文最常見的說法是 be angry with + 人;若針對的是某人的行為,也常說 be angry at + 人/事。兩者意思重疊,不宜當成絕對二分。
一般情況下,介系詞(in, on, at, of, with, about, for 等)後面會接:
① 名詞:She is good at sports.
② 代名詞受格:I am looking for him.
③ 動名詞 (V-ing):Thank you for helping me.
例:I am waiting for my friends to arrive.(我正在等我的朋友抵達。)
因此作答時請先確認:空格是不是緊接在介系詞後面,還是落在另一個句型裡。
4重點搭配整理
① 形容詞+介系詞
| 搭配 | 中文意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be good at / bad at | 擅長 / 不擅長 | He is good at math. |
| be afraid of | 害怕... | She is afraid of dogs. |
| be famous for | 以...聞名(特色) | Taiwan is famous for food. |
| be full of | 充滿... | The box is full of toys. |
| be proud of | 對...感到驕傲 | I am proud of you. |
| be angry with 人(行為也可用 angry at) | 對某人生氣 | Mom is angry with me. |
| be interested in | 對...感興趣 | She is interested in art. |
| be surprised at / by(不用 with) | 對...感到驚訝 | I am surprised at the news. |
| be known for(= famous for) | 以...特色聞名 | Taiwan is known for its mountains. |
| be covered with | 被...覆蓋 | The hills are covered with snow. |
② 動詞+介系詞
| 搭配 | 中文意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| listen to | 聽... | Listen to me! |
| look at / look for | 看著... / 尋找... | Look at the bird. |
| wait for | 等待... | Wait for the bus. |
| laugh at(嘲笑)/laugh with(和...一起笑) | 嘲笑 / 一起笑 | Don't laugh at him. |
| belong to | 屬於... | The pen belongs to me. |
| worry about | 擔心... | Don't worry about it. |
| ask (sb.) for | 要求、請求... | He asked the teacher for help. |
| look forward to + V-ing | 期待...(to 是介系詞) | I look forward to seeing you. |
| arrive at 小地點 / arrive in 大地點 | 抵達... | The train arrived at Taipei Station. |
| be made of / made from | 由...製成(看得出/看不出原料) | The desk is made of wood. |
③ 名詞+介系詞
這類的 to 是介系詞,表示「對應關係」:the answer to the question(問題的答案)、a ticket to Taipei(去台北的車票)。
5基礎例句
每個規則的例句,請特別留意藍底的介系詞搭配。
規則① 形容詞+介系詞
規則② 動詞+介系詞
規則③ 名詞+介系詞
規則④ 介系詞後要接動作 → 用 V-ing
6正確 vs. 錯誤比較
7易混淆觀念
① look at vs. look for
look at 是「注視、看著某物」;look for 是「尋找遺失或需要的東西」。
例:Look at the blackboard. (看著黑板) / I am looking for my dog. (我在找我的狗)
② be full of vs. be filled with
兩者都是「充滿」的意思,但搭配不同:full 配 of,filled 配 with。
例:The cup is full of water. = The cup is filled with water.
③ be famous for vs. be known as
famous for / known for 後面接「特色、原因」;known as 後面接「身分、稱號」。
例:Taiwan is famous for its food.(特色)/ He is known as a great teacher.(身分)
④ be made of vs. be made from
兩者都是「由...製成」,主要判斷標準是成品是否還看得出原本的材料:made of 仍看得出(The desk is made of wood.);made from 已看不出(Paper is made from wood.)。
建議用「看不看得原料」來判斷,不必記成「物理變化/化學變化」——實際材料的加工程度常有灰色地帶,硬分兩類容易誤判。
例:The desk is made of wood.(看得出木頭)/ Paper is made from wood.(看不出木頭)
8判斷技巧
- 先看空格前後的字:是考動詞搭配、形容詞搭配,還是名詞搭配?
- 聯想固定片語:看到 good 想 at,看到 afraid 想 of,看到 full 想 of。
- 確認空格是不是緊接在介系詞後面:如果是,而且選項是動詞,就選 V-ing(如 good at playing、look forward to seeing)。
- 注意句型邊界:wait for + 人 + to V:這裡 for 的受詞是「人」,後面的不定詞 to V 補充說明「這個人要做的事」,屬於另一種句型,不是 V-ing 規則的例外(如 wait for my friends to arrive)。
- 檢查詞性:代名詞要用受格 (me, him, her, us, them),不可數名詞配 some 而不是 a / many。
9基礎練習(10 題)
本節先熟練本課的核心搭配:10 題皆為單一搭配判斷,練習「看到關鍵字就想到固定介系詞」。點選答案立即批改。
10進階練習(10 題)
混合本課與先前課程(第 2、5、6、7、9、12、27、28 課),每題至少用到兩課概念。
11會考情境題(8 題)
原創題目,模擬國中教育會考題型:單句情境、對話、克漏字、閱讀情境。
12解答總覽
完整判斷線索與逐選項分析會在作答後顯示;本表供快速對答案與考前速查。未作答前不想被爆雷的話,先別展開!
13本課重點整理
| 類型 | 重要搭配 |
|---|---|
| 形容詞+介系詞 | be good at, be afraid of, be famous for, be full of, be proud of, be angry with / at, be interested in, be surprised at / by, be covered with |
| 動詞+介系詞 | listen to, look at, look for, wait for, laugh at, belong to, worry about, look forward to, arrive at / in |
| 名詞+介系詞 | the answer to, the key to, a ticket to |
| 介系詞後接動作 | 空格緊接在介系詞後面時用 V-ing (動名詞) |
| 不同結構(非例外) | wait for + 人 + to V:for 的受詞是「人」,to V 補充說明該人的動作 |