1學習目標
學完這一課,你應該要會:
- 分辨哪些動詞後面接 to V(want、hope、decide、plan、would like)。
- 分辨哪些動詞後面接 V-ing(enjoy、finish、mind、practice、avoid、keep)。
- 知道 like、love、begin、start 後面接 to V 或 V-ing 都可以,意思大致相同。
- 區分 stop / remember / forget 接 to V 與 V-ing 時意思不同。
- 分辨 to 是「不定詞符號」還是「介系詞」:look forward to V-ing、prefer A to B。
- 在句子中同時顧好動詞形式(三單、過去式)與 to V / V-ing 的搭配。
2先備知識
開始這一課之前,請先確認你已經理解:
- 【第 1 課】句子基本結構 S/V/O/C(主詞、動詞、受詞、補語)。
- 【第 2 課】be 動詞 am / is / are / was / were。
- 【第 3 課】一般動詞與三單現在式。
- 【第 4 課】肯定/否定/疑問句與 do / does / did。
- 【第 5 課】人稱代名詞。
- 【第 7 課】名詞與可數不可數。
- 【第 8 課】冠詞 a / an / the。
- 【第 11 課】現在簡單式。
- 【第 12 課】現在進行式(be + V-ing)。
- 【第 13 課】過去簡單式。
- 【第 18 課】形容詞(be afraid of 的 afraid 是形容詞)。
- 【第 23 課】助動詞 would(would like to V、Would you mind...?)。
- 【第 25 課】祈使句(Remember to...)。
- 【第 27 課】不定詞 to V(want/decide/hope/plan + to V、want + 人 + to V、It is + adj + to V 虛主詞)。
- 【第 28 課】動名詞 V-ing(enjoy/finish/mind/practice/avoid/keep + V-ing、介系詞 + V-ing)。
3核心概念
① 為什麼會有「to V 還是 V-ing」的問題?
英文裡,當兩個動詞連用時,第二個動詞要用 to V 還是 V-ing,要看前面那個動詞的習慣用法:
• 有些動詞後面固定接 to V:I want to go home.
• 有些動詞後面固定接 V-ing:I enjoy going home.
這不是「哪個比較好」的問題,而是「這個動詞習慣接哪一種」——記住常用動詞屬於哪一類,就能選對。
英文裡,當兩個動詞連用時,第二個動詞要用 to V 還是 V-ing,要看前面那個動詞的習慣用法:
• 有些動詞後面固定接 to V:I want to go home.
• 有些動詞後面固定接 V-ing:I enjoy going home.
這不是「哪個比較好」的問題,而是「這個動詞習慣接哪一種」——記住常用動詞屬於哪一類,就能選對。
② 只接 to V 的動詞
以下動詞後面接 to + 原形動詞:
• want(想要) • hope(希望) • decide(決定) • plan(計畫)
• would like(想要,較客氣) • need(需要) • learn(學習) • agree(同意)
• I want to buy a new phone.(我想買一支新手機)
• She decided to leave early.(她決定早點離開)
• They plan to travel abroad.(他們計畫出國旅行)
• My mother wants me to study hard.(我媽媽要我努力讀書)——want + 人 + to V 也是常用用法
以下動詞後面接 to + 原形動詞:
• want(想要) • hope(希望) • decide(決定) • plan(計畫)
• would like(想要,較客氣) • need(需要) • learn(學習) • agree(同意)
• I want to buy a new phone.(我想買一支新手機)
• She decided to leave early.(她決定早點離開)
• They plan to travel abroad.(他們計畫出國旅行)
• My mother wants me to study hard.(我媽媽要我努力讀書)——want + 人 + to V 也是常用用法
🔑 易錯警示:want / hope / decide / plan 後面接 to V,不接 V-ing!❌ I want going → ⭕ I want to go。
💡 need 通常接 to V(I need to go),但亦可接 V-ing 表被動義(The car needs washing=需要被洗),情態用法 need not 亦成立。
③ 只接 V-ing 的動詞
以下動詞後面接 V-ing:
• enjoy(享受) • finish(完成) • mind(介意) • practice(練習)
• avoid(避免) • keep(持續) • suggest(建議) • give up(放棄)
• He enjoys playing the guitar.(他喜歡彈吉他)
• Would you mind closing the window?(你介意關一下窗戶嗎?)
• Don't give up learning English.(別放棄學英文)
以下動詞後面接 V-ing:
• enjoy(享受) • finish(完成) • mind(介意) • practice(練習)
• avoid(避免) • keep(持續) • suggest(建議) • give up(放棄)
• He enjoys playing the guitar.(他喜歡彈吉他)
• Would you mind closing the window?(你介意關一下窗戶嗎?)
• Don't give up learning English.(別放棄學英文)
🔑 易錯警示:enjoy / finish / mind / practice / avoid 後面接 V-ing,不接 to V!❌ mind to close → ⭕ mind closing。
④ 兩者都可以(意思大致相同)的動詞
以下動詞後面接 to V 或 V-ing 都可以,意思差別不大:
• like(喜歡) • love(喜愛) • begin(開始) • start(開始) • continue(繼續)
• I like to swim. = I like swimming.(我喜歡游泳)
• It began to rain. = It began raining.(開始下雨了)
以下動詞後面接 to V 或 V-ing 都可以,意思差別不大:
• like(喜歡) • love(喜愛) • begin(開始) • start(開始) • continue(繼續)
• I like to swim. = I like swimming.(我喜歡游泳)
• It began to rain. = It began raining.(開始下雨了)
💡 這些動詞兩種寫法都正確,不用擔心選錯;作答時若題目只給其中一種形式,只要注意動詞本身的變化(三單、過去式)即可。
⑤ 兩者都可以,但意思不同的動詞
以下動詞接 to V 和接 V-ing 時,意思不一樣:
• stop to V=停下來去做某事 / stop V-ing=停止做某事
• remember to V=記得去做(還沒做) / remember V-ing=記得做過(已做)
• forget to V=忘記去做(沒做) / forget V-ing=忘記做過(做過卻忘了)
• He stopped to drink some water.(他停下來喝水)
• He stopped drinking coffee.(他戒掉喝咖啡了)
以下動詞接 to V 和接 V-ing 時,意思不一樣:
• stop to V=停下來去做某事 / stop V-ing=停止做某事
• remember to V=記得去做(還沒做) / remember V-ing=記得做過(已做)
• forget to V=忘記去做(沒做) / forget V-ing=忘記做過(做過卻忘了)
• He stopped to drink some water.(他停下來喝水)
• He stopped drinking coffee.(他戒掉喝咖啡了)
🔑 易錯警示:stop to V 和 stop V-ing 意思幾乎相反!看到 stop / remember / forget 要先判斷是哪一種語意。
⑥ to 的雙重身分:不定詞符號 vs. 介系詞
「to」有兩種身分,會決定後面接什麼:
• 不定詞符號:to + 原形動詞 → I want to go.
• 介系詞:to + 名詞/V-ing → I'm looking forward to seeing you.
常見「to 是介系詞」的片語:
• look forward to + V-ing(期待)→ We look forward to meeting you.
• prefer A to B(喜歡 A 勝過 B,to 是介系詞)→ I prefer tea to coffee.
「to」有兩種身分,會決定後面接什麼:
• 不定詞符號:to + 原形動詞 → I want to go.
• 介系詞:to + 名詞/V-ing → I'm looking forward to seeing you.
常見「to 是介系詞」的片語:
• look forward to + V-ing(期待)→ We look forward to meeting you.
• prefer A to B(喜歡 A 勝過 B,to 是介系詞)→ I prefer tea to coffee.
🔑 易錯警示:look forward to 的 to 是介系詞,後面接 V-ing!❌ look forward to see you → ⭕ look forward to seeing you。
⑦ 動詞形式也要顧好
除了選對 to V / V-ing,主要動詞本身的三單、過去式也要正確:
• My sister likes to draw.(三單 likes)
• He forgot to bring his book.(過去式 forgot)
• She practices speaking English every day.(三單 practices)
除了選對 to V / V-ing,主要動詞本身的三單、過去式也要正確:
• My sister likes to draw.(三單 likes)
• He forgot to bring his book.(過去式 forgot)
• She practices speaking English every day.(三單 practices)
4句型公式
① 只接 to V: want / hope / decide / plan / would like + to + 原形動詞
I want to go home.
I want to go home.
這些動詞後面通常接 to V,不接 V-ing(need 例外:亦可接 V-ing 表被動義,如 needs washing)。
② 只接 V-ing: enjoy / finish / mind / practice / avoid / keep + V-ing
She enjoys reading novels.
She enjoys reading novels.
這些動詞後面接 V-ing,不接 to V。
③ 兩者皆可: like / love / begin / start + to V 或 V-ing
I like to swim. = I like swimming.
I like to swim. = I like swimming.
這些動詞兩種都可以,意思大致相同。
④ 語意不同: stop / remember / forget + to V 或 V-ing
stop to drink(停下來去喝)/stop drinking(停止喝)
stop to drink(停下來去喝)/stop drinking(停止喝)
接 to V 與接 V-ing 意思不同,要看語意判斷。
⑤ 介系詞 to + V-ing: look forward to + V-ing/prefer A to B
I'm looking forward to seeing you.
I'm looking forward to seeing you.
這裡的 to 是介系詞,後面接 V-ing 或名詞,不接原形動詞。
5基礎例句
規則①:只接 to V 的動詞
I want to join the baseball team.
我想加入棒球隊。
分析:want 後面接 to V → want to join。
She decided to study abroad.
她決定出國讀書。
分析:decide 後面接 to V → decided to study。
We plan to visit the museum this weekend.
我們計畫這週末去參觀博物館。
分析:plan 後面接 to V → plan to visit。
規則②:只接 V-ing 的動詞
My brother enjoys drawing comic books.
我哥哥喜歡畫漫畫。
分析:enjoy 後面接 V-ing → enjoys drawing。
Do you mind waiting for a few minutes?
你介意等幾分鐘嗎?
分析:mind 後面接 V-ing → mind waiting。
He keeps asking the same question.
他一直在問同一個問題。
分析:keep 後面接 V-ing → keeps asking。
規則③:兩者皆可的動詞
I love to listen to music before bed.
我喜歡睡前聽音樂。
分析:love 後面接 to V 或 V-ing 都可以 → love to listen。
The show started to play at seven.
表演在七點開始播放。
分析:start 後面接 to V 或 V-ing 都可以 → started to play。
I like swimming in the pool every morning.
我喜歡每天早上在泳池游泳。
分析:like 後面接 to V 或 V-ing 都可以 → like swimming(= I like to swim)。
規則④:語意不同的動詞
She stopped to answer the phone.
她停下來接電話。
分析:stop to V=停下來去做某事。
She stopped using her phone at night.
她不再在晚上使用手機。
分析:stop V-ing=停止做某事。
Please remember to turn off the lights.
請記得關燈。
分析:remember to V=記得去做(還沒做)。
規則⑤:介系詞 to + V-ing
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
我們期待收到你的消息。
分析:look forward to 的 to 是介系詞,後接 V-ing → hearing。
My mother prefers tea to coffee.
我媽媽喜歡茶勝過咖啡。
分析:prefer A to B 的 to 是介系詞,後接名詞 → tea to coffee。
I prefer staying home to going out.
我喜歡待在家勝過出門。
分析:prefer A to B 的 to 是介系詞,A/B 皆可用 V-ing → staying / going。
6正確 vs. 錯誤比較
❌ I want going home.
want 後面接 to V,不接 V-ing。
⭕ I want to go home.
want + to V → want to go。
❌ She enjoys to swim.
enjoy 後面接 V-ing,不接 to V。
⭕ She enjoys swimming.
enjoy + V-ing → enjoys swimming。
❌ I'm looking forward to see you.
look forward to 的 to 是介系詞,後接 V-ing。
⭕ I'm looking forward to seeing you.
look forward to + V-ing → to seeing。
❌ Do you mind to open the door?
mind 後面接 V-ing,不接 to V。
⭕ Do you mind opening the door?
mind + V-ing → mind opening。
❌ My father prefers coffee than tea.
prefer A to B 用 to,不用 than。
⭕ My father prefers coffee to tea.
prefer A to B → coffee to tea。
❌ We avoid to eat late.
avoid 後面接 V-ing,不接 to V。
⭕ We avoid eating late.
avoid + V-ing → avoid eating。
❌ He finished to write the report.
finish 後面接 V-ing,不接 to V。
⭕ He finished writing the report.
finish + V-ing → finished writing。
7易混淆觀念
① stop to V vs. stop V-ing
| 結構 | 語意 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| stop + to V | 停下來去做某事 | He stopped to rest.(他停下來休息) |
| stop + V-ing | 停止做某事 | He stopped smoking.(他戒菸了) |
stop to V 是「暫停手上的事,去做另一件事」;stop V-ing 是「不再做這件事」。語意幾乎相反,要看上下文判斷。
② remember / forget 接 to V vs. V-ing
| 結構 | 語意 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| remember + to V | 記得去做(還沒做) | Remember to lock the door.(記得鎖門) |
| remember + V-ing | 記得做過(已做) | I remember meeting her.(我記得見過她) |
| forget + to V | 忘記去做(沒做) | I forgot to call you.(我忘了打給你) |
| forget + V-ing | 忘記做過(做過卻忘了) | I forgot locking the door.(我忘了鎖過門) |
to V 指向「還沒做的事」,V-ing 指向「已經做過的事」,這是判斷這兩類動詞的關鍵。
③ to V(不定詞)vs. to + V-ing(介系詞 to)
| to 的身分 | 後面接 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 不定詞符號 | 原形動詞 | I want to go.(我想去) |
| 介系詞(look forward to) | V-ing / 名詞 | I'm looking forward to going.(我期待去) |
同樣是 to,身分不同、後面接的東西也不同。看到 look forward to、prefer A to B,要記得這裡的 to 是介系詞。
④ like to V vs. like V-ing
| 結構 | 語感 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| like + to V | 喜歡去做(偏特定選擇) | I like to run in the morning. |
| like + V-ing | 喜歡做(偏一般喜好) | I like running. |
like / love 後面兩種都可以,語感略有不同但通常可互換;enjoy 則只接 V-ing。
8判斷技巧:to V / V-ing 五步走
- 先找出主要動詞:句子裡兩個動詞連用時,前面那個(主要動詞)決定後面接什麼。
- 判斷該動詞接 to V 還是 V-ing:want / hope / decide / plan → to V;enjoy / finish / mind / practice / avoid / keep → V-ing。
- 檢查 to 是介系詞還是不定詞符號:look forward to、prefer A to B 的 to 是介系詞,後面接 V-ing 或名詞。
- stop / remember / forget 看語意:to V 表「還沒做」,V-ing 表「已做過」,依句意選。
- 確認動詞形式:主要動詞的三單(-s)、過去式(-ed / 不規則)也要正確。
🎯 會考實戰心法:看到「動詞 + ___」的題目,先問自己「前面這個動詞習慣接 to V 還是 V-ing」;看到 to 就先判斷它是「不定詞符號」還是「介系詞」。這兩步能解決大部分的搭配題。
9基礎練習(10 題)
測驗單一概念:want / decide / hope / plan + to V、enjoy / mind / practice / avoid / finish + V-ing、look forward to + V-ing。
10進階練習(10 題)
混合本課與先前課程(第 2、3、13、25、27、28 課),每題至少用到兩課概念。
11會考情境題(8 題)
融合真實語境,測試在對話、短文與閱讀中正確使用 to V / V-ing 搭配的能力。
12解答總覽
13本課重點整理
| 類型 | 動詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 只接 to V | want / hope / decide / plan / would like | I want to go. |
| 只接 V-ing | enjoy / finish / mind / practice / avoid / keep | She enjoys reading. |
| 兩者皆可 | like / love / begin / start | I like to swim.=I like swimming. |
| 語意不同 | stop / remember / forget | stop to rest vs. stop smoking |
| 介系詞 to + V-ing | look forward to / prefer A to B | looking forward to seeing |
🔑 一句話記憶口訣:want / hope / decide 接 to V;enjoy / finish / mind 接 V-ing;look forward to 的 to 是介系詞,後面接 V-ing。
14自我檢查
🎉 太棒了!你已經完成第 29 課的學習。下一課是第 30 課「感官與使役動詞」,將學習 see / hear / watch / make / let 後面接原形動詞的用法!