1學習目標
學完這一課，你應該要會：
- 說出附加問句的結構：逗號 + 助動詞／be 動詞 + 主詞代名詞 + 問號。
- 掌握「前肯後否、前否後肯」的極性相反原則。
- 根據主句動詞選擇附加問句的助動詞：be 用 be、助動詞用助動詞、一般動詞用 do／does／did。
- 處理特殊情況：I am → aren't I、Let's → shall we、祈使句 → will you。
- 辨識隱含否定詞（never、nothing、nobody、hardly），後接肯定附加問句。
- 正確使用不定代名詞的代名詞：nobody／everyone → they；nothing／everything → it。
2先備知識
開始這一課之前，請先確認你已經理解：
- 【第 2 課】be 動詞 am / is / are / was / were。
- 【第 3 課】三單現在式（likes、teaches）。
- 【第 4 課】do / does / did 的用法。
- 【第 5 課】人稱代名詞與主格代名詞（he、she、it、they）。
- 【第 7 課】不定代名詞（nobody、nothing、everyone、everything）。
- 【第 10 課】There is / There are。
- 【第 11 課】現在簡單式。
- 【第 13 課】過去簡單式。
- 【第 15 課】未來式 will。
- 【第 16 課】現在完成式 has / have + p.p.。
- 【第 20 課】頻率副詞 never。
- 【第 23 課】助動詞 can / should / must。
- 【第 25 課】祈使句與 Let's。
3核心概念
① 附加問句是什麼？
附加問句是附在陳述句後面的簡短問句，用來確認或尋求認同。結構是：
陳述句, 助動詞／be 動詞 + 主詞代名詞 + ?
• You are a student, aren't you?（你是學生，不是嗎？）
• He can swim, can't he?（他會游泳，不是嗎？）
附加問句是附在陳述句後面的簡短問句，用來確認或尋求認同。結構是：
陳述句, 助動詞／be 動詞 + 主詞代名詞 + ?
• You are a student, aren't you?（你是學生，不是嗎？）
• He can swim, can't he?（他會游泳，不是嗎？）
💡 附加問句的主詞必須用代名詞，不用名詞：Tom → he，the students → they，Ms. Lin → she。
② 前肯後否、前否後肯
附加問句的極性與主句相反：
• 肯定句, 否定附加：He is tall, isn't he?
• 否定句, 肯定附加：He isn't tall, is he?
注意：not、n't、never、nothing、nobody、hardly、seldom 都算否定。
附加問句的極性與主句相反：
• 肯定句, 否定附加：He is tall, isn't he?
• 否定句, 肯定附加：He isn't tall, is he?
注意：not、n't、never、nothing、nobody、hardly、seldom 都算否定。
🔑 易錯警示：never / nothing / nobody 是「隱含否定」，主句雖然沒有 not，但附加問句要用肯定：He never lies, does he?（不是 doesn't he）。
③ be 動詞的附加問句
主句用 be 動詞，附加問句也用 be 動詞：
• is → isn't／isn't → is
• are → aren't／aren't → are
• was → wasn't／wasn't → was
• were → weren't／weren't → were
主句用 be 動詞，附加問句也用 be 動詞：
• is → isn't／isn't → is
• are → aren't／aren't → are
• was → wasn't／wasn't → was
• were → weren't／weren't → were
④ 助動詞的附加問句
主句用助動詞，附加問句也用同一個助動詞：
• can → can't／can't → can
• will → won't／won't → will
• should → shouldn't／shouldn't → should
• has → hasn't／have → haven't
主句用助動詞，附加問句也用同一個助動詞：
• can → can't／can't → can
• will → won't／won't → will
• should → shouldn't／shouldn't → should
• has → hasn't／have → haven't
⑤ 一般動詞的附加問句
主句用一般動詞時，附加問句借用 do / does / did：
• 現在式：I / You / We / They + V → don't + 代名詞；He / She / It + V(s) → doesn't + 代名詞
• 過去式：S + V-ed → didn't + 代名詞
• She likes tea, doesn't she?（三單 → does）
• They went home, didn't they?（過去 → did）
主句用一般動詞時，附加問句借用 do / does / did：
• 現在式：I / You / We / They + V → don't + 代名詞；He / She / It + V(s) → doesn't + 代名詞
• 過去式：S + V-ed → didn't + 代名詞
• She likes tea, doesn't she?（三單 → does）
• They went home, didn't they?（過去 → did）
🔑 易錯警示：一般動詞的附加問句不用 be 動詞！❌ She likes tea, isn't she? → ⭕ She likes tea, doesn't she?
⑥ 主詞改為代名詞
附加問句的主詞用代名詞，不用原來的名詞：
• Tom → he • Mary → she • the dog → it
• the students → they • my parents → they • this / that → it
附加問句的主詞用代名詞，不用原來的名詞：
• Tom → he • Mary → she • the dog → it
• the students → they • my parents → they • this / that → it
⑦ 三種特殊情況
• I am → aren't I?（現代標準英文不用 amn't；I am a student, aren't I?）
• Let's → shall we?（Let's go, shall we?；Let's not 的附加問句也是 shall we?）
• 祈使句 → will you?（Close the door, will you?；國中階段以 will you? 為標準形式）
• I am → aren't I?（現代標準英文不用 amn't；I am a student, aren't I?）
• Let's → shall we?（Let's go, shall we?；Let's not 的附加問句也是 shall we?）
• 祈使句 → will you?（Close the door, will you?；國中階段以 will you? 為標準形式）
💡 I am 的附加問句不用 am not I，因為現代標準英文不用 amn't（蘇格蘭、愛爾蘭英語中仍可見）；國中與考試一律以 aren't I? 為標準。
⑧ 含否定詞的主句 → 肯定附加問句
以下字詞帶有否定意味，附加問句用肯定：
• never / hardly / seldom / rarely：He never lies, does he?
• nothing / nobody / no one / none：Nothing is wrong, is it?
• little / few（不含 a little / a few）：He has little money, does he?
以下字詞帶有否定意味，附加問句用肯定：
• never / hardly / seldom / rarely：He never lies, does he?
• nothing / nobody / no one / none：Nothing is wrong, is it?
• little / few（不含 a little / a few）：He has little money, does he?
⑨ 不定代名詞的主詞代名詞
• everyone / everybody / someone / somebody / nobody / no one → 用 they
• everything / something / nothing → 用 it
• Everyone is here, aren't they? • Nothing is perfect, is it?
• everyone / everybody / someone / somebody / nobody / no one → 用 they
• everything / something / nothing → 用 it
• Everyone is here, aren't they? • Nothing is perfect, is it?
💡 nobody / everyone 等指「人」的不定代名詞，現代英文用 they 作代名詞；nothing / everything 指「事物」，用 it。
4句型公式
公式① 基本結構
陳述句, 助動詞／be 動詞 + 主詞代名詞 + ?
例如：You are a student, aren't you? / He can swim, can't he?
公式② 前肯後否、前否後肯
肯定句, 否定附加? ／ 否定句, 肯定附加?
例如：He is tall, isn't he? / He isn't tall, is he?
公式③ be 動詞
S is/are/was/were ..., isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't + 代名詞?
例如：Tom is a doctor, isn't he? / They were happy, weren't they?
公式④ 助動詞
S can/will/should/has/have ..., can't/won't/shouldn't/hasn't/haven't + 代名詞?
例如：You can swim, can't you? / They will come, won't they?
公式⑤ 一般動詞
S V(現在式), don't/doesn't + 代名詞? ／ S V(過去式), didn't + 代名詞?
例如：She likes tea, doesn't she? / We went home, didn't we?
公式⑥ I am → aren't I
I am ..., aren't I?
例如：I am a student, aren't I?（不用 am not I）
公式⑦ Let's → shall we
Let's / Let's not + 原形動詞, shall we?
例如：Let's go, shall we? / Let's not waste time, shall we?
公式⑧ 祈使句 → will you
祈使句, will you?
例如：Close the door, will you? / Don't be late, will you?
5基礎例句
規則① be 動詞的附加問句
Tom is a doctor, isn't he?
Tom 是醫生，不是嗎？
文法分析：is → isn't；Tom → he；肯定 → 否定附加。
They aren't ready, are they?
他們還沒準備好，對吧？
文法分析：aren't → are；否定 → 肯定附加。
She was happy, wasn't she?
她很快樂，不是嗎？
文法分析：was → wasn't；過去 be 動詞。
We weren't late, were we?
我們沒有遲到，對吧？
文法分析：weren't → were；否定 → 肯定附加。
規則② 助動詞的附加問句
You can swim, can't you?
你會游泳，不是嗎？
文法分析：can → can't；助動詞保持一致。
They will come, won't they?
他們會來，不是嗎？
文法分析：will → won't；助動詞保持一致。
He should rest, shouldn't he?
他應該休息，不是嗎？
文法分析：should → shouldn't；助動詞保持一致。
We won't give up, will we?
我們不會放棄，對吧？
文法分析：won't → will；否定 → 肯定附加。
規則③ 一般動詞現在式
She likes tea, doesn't she?
她喜歡茶，不是嗎？
文法分析：三單 likes → does；肯定 → 否定附加 doesn't she。
He doesn't smoke, does he?
他不抽菸，對吧？
文法分析：doesn't → does；否定 → 肯定附加。
They play tennis, don't they?
他們打網球，不是嗎？
文法分析：複數 play → do；肯定 → 否定附加 don't they。
規則④ 一般動詞過去式
We went home, didn't we?
我們回家去了，不是嗎？
文法分析：過去 went → did；肯定 → 否定附加 didn't we。
She didn't call, did she?
她沒有打電話，對吧？
文法分析：didn't → did；否定 → 肯定附加。
He ate lunch, didn't he?
他吃了午餐，不是嗎？
文法分析：過去 ate → did；肯定 → 否定附加 didn't he。
規則⑤ I am → aren't I
I am a student, aren't I?
我是學生，不是嗎？
文法分析：I am 的附加問句用 aren't I（現代標準英文不用 amn't）。
I am late, aren't I?
我遲到了，不是嗎？
文法分析：I am → aren't I。
I am right, aren't I?
我是對的，不是嗎？
文法分析：I am → aren't I。
規則⑥ Let's → shall we
Let's go, shall we?
我們走吧，好嗎？
文法分析：Let's 的附加問句用 shall we。
Let's not waste time, shall we?
我們別浪費時間，好嗎？
文法分析：Let's not 的附加問句也是 shall we。
Let's study together, shall we?
我們一起讀書吧，好嗎？
文法分析：Let's 的附加問句用 shall we。
規則⑦ 祈使句 → will you
Close the door, will you?
關門，好嗎？
文法分析：祈使句的附加問句用 will you。
Don't be late, will you?
別遲到，好嗎？
文法分析：否定祈使句的附加問句也用 will you。
Open the window, will you?
打開窗戶，好嗎？
文法分析：祈使句的附加問句用 will you。
規則⑧ 含否定詞 → 肯定附加問句
He never lies, does he?
他從不說謊，對吧？
文法分析：never 是隱含否定 → 肯定附加 does he。
Nothing is wrong, is it?
沒有什麼不對，對吧？
文法分析：nothing 是隱含否定 → 肯定附加；nothing → it。
Nobody knows, do they?
沒有人知道，對吧？
文法分析：nobody 是隱含否定 → 肯定附加；nobody → they。
6正確 vs. 錯誤比較
釐清附加問句最常見的錯誤：助動詞選擇、極性相反、特殊情況與隱含否定。
❌ He is a teacher, doesn't he?
錯誤原因：主句是 be 動詞 is，附加問句也要用 be 動詞 isn't，不用 do/does。
⭕ He is a teacher, isn't he?
be 動詞用 be 的附加問句：is → isn't。
❌ She likes tea, isn't she?
錯誤原因：likes 是一般動詞，附加問句用 do/does，不用 be 動詞。
⭕ She likes tea, doesn't she?
一般動詞三單 → does；肯定 → 否定附加 doesn't she。
❌ They went home, don't they?
錯誤原因：went 是過去式，附加問句用 did，不用現在式 do。
⭕ They went home, didn't they?
過去式 → did；肯定 → 否定附加 didn't they。
❌ I am a student, am not I?
錯誤原因：現代標準英文不用 amn't；I am 的附加問句用 aren't I。
⭕ I am a student, aren't I?
I am → aren't I（標準形式）。
❌ Let's go, will we?
錯誤原因：Let's 的附加問句用 shall we，不用 will we。
⭕ Let's go, shall we?
Let's → shall we。
❌ He never lies, doesn't he?
錯誤原因：never 是隱含否定，附加問句要用肯定 does he，不是否定 doesn't he。
⭕ He never lies, does he?
never → 肯定附加 does he。
❌ Nothing is wrong, isn't it?
錯誤原因：nothing 是隱含否定，附加問句要用肯定 is it，不是否定 isn't it。
⭕ Nothing is wrong, is it?
nothing → 肯定附加 is it。
7易混淆觀念
① be 動詞 vs. 一般動詞的附加問句
| 主句動詞 | 附加問句用 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be 動詞（is/are/was/were） | be 動詞 | He is tall, isn't he? |
| 助動詞（can/will/should） | 同一助動詞 | He can swim, can't he? |
| 一般動詞（現在式） | do / does | She likes tea, doesn't she? |
| 一般動詞（過去式） | did | They went home, didn't they? |
💡 口訣：「be 用 be、助用助、一般用 do／does／did」。
② 肯定句 vs. 否定句（含隱含否定）
| 主句類型 | 附加問句極性 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 否定附加 | He is tall, isn't he? |
| 否定句（not / n't） | 肯定附加 | He isn't tall, is he? |
| 隱含否定（never / hardly） | 肯定附加 | He never lies, does he? |
| 隱含否定（nothing / nobody） | 肯定附加 | Nothing is wrong, is it? |
③ nobody / everyone → they vs. nothing / everything → it
| 不定代名詞 | 附加問句主詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| everyone / everybody | they | Everyone is here, aren't they? |
| nobody / no one | they | Nobody knows, do they? |
| everything | it | Everything is ready, isn't it? |
| nothing | it | Nothing is perfect, is it? |
💡 指「人」的不定代名詞用 they；指「事物」的不定代名詞用 it。
④ Let's vs. 祈使句的附加問句
| 句型 | 附加問句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Let's / Let's not | shall we? | Let's go, shall we? |
| 祈使句（肯定） | will you? | Close the door, will you? |
| 祈使句（否定） | will you? | Don't be late, will you? |
💡 Let's 的主詞是 we，用 shall we；祈使句的主詞是 you，用 will you。兩者不可混用。
8判斷技巧：附加問句五步走
- 找主句的動詞類型：be 動詞、助動詞、還是一般動詞？這決定附加問句用什麼助動詞。
- 選擇附加問句的助動詞：be 用 be、助動詞用同一助動詞、一般動詞用 do／does（現在）或 did（過去）。
- 判斷主句是肯定還是否定：注意 not、n't 是明顯否定；never、nothing、nobody、hardly、seldom 是隱含否定。
- 決定極性：前肯後否、前否後肯。隱含否定算否定，後接肯定附加問句。
- 主詞改為代名詞：Tom → he、the students → they、nothing → it、nobody → they。特殊：I am → aren't I、Let's → shall we、祈使句 → will you。
🎯 會考實戰心法：附加問句最愛考三件事——① 助動詞選擇（be 用 be、一般動詞用 do/does/did）② 極性相反（前肯後否，隱含否定算否定）③ 特殊情況（I am → aren't I、Let's → shall we）。先看主句動詞，再判斷極性，最後換代名詞。
9基礎練習（10 題）
測驗單一概念：be 動詞、助動詞、一般動詞的附加問句，以及 I am、Let's、nothing 等特殊情況。
10進階練習（10 題）
混合本課與先前課程（第 2、3、5、7、10、11、13、16、20、23、25 課），每題至少用到兩課概念。
11會考情境題（8 題）
融合真實語境，測試在對話、短文與閱讀中正確使用附加問句的能力。
12解答總覽
13本課重點整理（考前 60 秒速覽）
- 結構：陳述句, 助動詞／be 動詞 + 主詞代名詞 + ?
- 極性相反：前肯後否、前否後肯；never／nothing／nobody 算否定。
- be 動詞：is／are／was／were → isn't／aren't／wasn't／weren't。
- 助動詞：can／will／should → can't／won't／shouldn't。
- 一般動詞：現在式用 do／does，過去式用 did。
- 特殊情況：I am → aren't I；Let's → shall we；祈使句 → will you。
- 不定代名詞：nobody／everyone → they；nothing／everything → it。
🔑 一句話記憶口訣：「前肯後否前否後肯，be 用 be、助用助、一般用 do；I am 用 aren't I，Let's 用 shall we，祈使句用 will you；否定詞後接肯定。」
14自我檢查
🎉 太棒了！你已通過本課自我檢查。附加問句與主動詞一致完整掌握！階段五「助動詞與句型」全數完成，接下來將進入階段綜合測驗四。